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number, oh so what is this nonsense? i want my son to the doctor to indicate it's time to to and then when generation class, which now dw documentary the final approach, recorded by the onboard camera on the chinese chung, of o 6 lunar pro. as it landed on the far side of the moon in early june 2024 also on board was an instrument belonging to the european space agency, a sub which for the 1st time detected the presence of negative ions on the lunar surface. that will help scientists better understand the chemical composition of moons. this dust, which is also called regular blankets, the surface of the moon. the lunar pro brought to p most of it, back to earth. one day regular might be used to build in town post on the moon,

the office, and more on this edition of dw science magazine. welcome to tomorrow today. or it might be boston lovely, but the moon, it seems like again, even the powdery layer of the moon, dust on the surface holds hidden treasure for ultimate on the moon visitors grey, docile so regular, easy to get the souls of rule materials that we could exploit to develop looks and you couldn't, and somebody, we could build the streets on the moon, on landing sites where rootkits could longdon take off again from light on stop motion inside. excuse me. we want to make use of the roll. material was the only one that's available to us to build infrastructure on demand streets, habitat. so all the things we wouldn't want written down on the adams at the technical university of but then students are testing how this one's energy might

be harnessed to build routes on the moon using a bit of a to spiritual mendez. busy ones as a came up and the system has a solar sensor which moves the lens higher level to the sun. to mirror is a direct in the line to the ground. god often born and picked up the energy from just a few rays of sun are enough to mount the sand team. we do not see a system under rows on building roads or more on not the moon dust becomes a storage instead of whirling around and coming up key is all that i'm seeming to been in. research is keen to figure out how named us could be used to make things like gloss and brakes. bringing payloads from the to the moon is prohibitively expensive. this computer, i mean there are a lot of providers who want to transport things to the move, which would cost about a 1000000 euros keeler. i remember, you know, the substances to recreate moon dust here on this can be found a volcanoes,

like by salt and felt spot, which should be as strong as possible. heated in a vacuum chamber at 1400 degrees celsius. the material tends into a lot or thoughts resulting motion mean reckless. looks promising because the new one's done this yet. with this, you've done it in a vacuum and it's really impressive when mainly hoping to build competence houses like structures, the soda cells on demand and look at the possibilities of a new moon. dust is more granular. i'm not quite as smooth itched as dusty illness . home i'm on so it's like we have to main ingredients, a bustle containing material on the notes, assign what's called conic material. they can be mixed together to create various luminous soils. moon dust contains no volta, but at 1500 degrees celsius can still make brakes. that the monthly lock, the oven used to main rates, would have to be abroad on a copy built on the main,

but a 100 killer oven could process and produce many total life and material included in generating energy on the moon is also feasible. in theory, the sun shines very brightly and never know towns. so electricity could be produced using solar cells. along with the brakes, the students in berlin has been able to make loss to the gloss, needs to be as light people as possible. then it can be turned into a, some of the so here at the university of puts them so that the glass needs to be as thin and transparent as possible. come on, we have one, we one chip which is pearl guide. so the styles on main gloss with more so the gloss with the mind moulton made on the noun and then a micro millimeter layer of the world sky would be applied to it. pearl street is a synthetic crystalline material that can be dissolved into a solvent. in

a vacuum chain or it can be sprayed and then even co tons of gloss. then some copper is applied at a lower temperature, bro, sky office. many advantages over the usual silicon and back home. and out of space that's causing the radiation, which can sometimes not can awesome out of place. and that leads to a dfcs that damages the. so to sound the supervisor, bro, scanning. just so solve that. if an optimist is slow, she could just slide back into position. so the, so the cell could remain functional for decades, even you know, to space the finish. so the cell is made of 2 glass plates with a layer, referrals sky t in the middle. now they'll see if it works in a vacuum. the soda side is placed on twin onto the special sun. a moment later, it's generating electricity. yeah. wow. 10 percent. wow. yes. this leaving a soda. so then if we throw one t low of pearl sky down to the mean,

that would give us a full 100 square meter layer 3 volleyball court, which could generate $500.00 killer watts of power researches all over the world are developing new technologies for exploring space the biggest private competitive for luna. so the sales is blue origin founded by jeff. but he's also having a shop and they were able to build a silicon solar cell with an efficiency of 6 percent of these 10 percent. so we're doing better than blue origin here that, that blue origin in this race to the main, the goal isn't just applying to flag or collect a few pieces of lim, wrong. stinking guns, klein, i'm fine with the very small scale loss and then using the energy from the 1st so the cell will make the next one is my room and eventually have a small town on the moon us, which would continue to grow somehow for century after the 1st lunar landing

people are aiming even higher. they want to live on the main, the germany ranks among one of the top 3 most popular countries to study and in the world. the $1.00 and $5.00 students at for many universities come from abroad. what many of them don't realize just that it can take a bit of time at 1st to true feel at home here i always saw germany as a paradise. but my 1st day here in berlin, i good luck. my name is black. i am from cuba. i mean, an exchange here in berlin, an 830 architecture. i say we're searching expectations and the power fees are by, you know, we have the assumption of thinking that germany's the birthdays because of the way that they reconstructed themselves because of the technology because of products

that they do. and i can picture living and burned in it's not that much of part of those. it's not that easy to find the job as you would see. it's not that's clean, that's the one thing it is. now i can see the more real phase of fairly quick, maybe more cash or less formal. but that's what i like actually from the city. all of those aspects you would think about germany. so my reality and some are not the 1st day that i arrived here, they went to a coffee shop. i didn't know that it was a sketchy place to be in berlin. 3 guys approach me asking for money. i spent, i had no money, but then they took lights. and at the moment they gave them the money i spent of running the this. my dad is the german,

my parents both worked at me and my brother to learn some german. they thought that having the 3rd language would be amazing plus in our lives the came to let the difference is that they bullsh*t the study. and that's how you learn. they pushed, especially in architecture, you're under of almost the comment of the teacher. and during germany, you're more free to do what you want to find your own bed the monday than i expected. i have time that i didn't expect to have to in germany . i was expecting for something way more intensive to in germany. they enjoyed the process more, they use the free time to learn by themselves. the,

there's no much competition between students. in to loose, we were like trying to compete to get a better rate than the other or whatever the german people are. sometimes grantees, especially in the industry writing the bike, they are quite drummed the safe green to me because of the writing, so slow or making it, sir, and they're all way. so yeah, it's good coverage for the learning german living in berlin is important. i think you have to learn at least the basics of the german fund of respect. basically they're really interested in knowing what i'm doing here. as i think they're national students. they like to

talk. they like to to ask questions about where i come from, the germans. i've been pretty mean really well here. and there really accepting me. so yeah, i feel like, oh, the sheila is especially interesting to scientists in part because of the extreme variation and it's landscape. no covered mountains in the andes. strange glacier formations in the south, and the common desert, one of the most parched regions in the world. here astronomers use high tech telescopes to a service kind. and there's also a rather special power plant here. the set of told me that the plant is located in the after comic desert of western sh*t. a 10600 mirrors are directing solar radiation to the top of the tower. the mirrors here are replacing solar cells.

they're concentrated light keeps up molten salt. it's pumped to the top of the tower, where it reaches temperatures of more than $500.00 degrees celsius. the salt stores the heat, allowing the true buttons at the towers base to generate electricity, even when the sun is in china. what does is it i must, i mean this technology allows us to store energy over a long time. then think what the road us see the money we can count on it and 24 hours a day with a 7 days a week, lou to a contract. and then we'll see how this technology will help us in our fight against fossil fuels, especially gas and polls. incredible. and one of the biggest obstacles to renewables is storage. that's where fossil fuels have a key advantage. molten salt could be the game changer, a continuous controllable source of energy that can be stored to balance out nature's unpredictability. the mixture of salts matters to here at the university

of onto full gas. the researchers are working to optimize the recipe and further boosted storage capacity. or via these days we use a mix that's called solar salt. so it's made of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate and need that i believe that that makes is especially well suited to storing heat into bed, which allows us to stay online 24 hours a day. and even when there's no incoming solar energy to line it keeps on in an insulated tank, the super heated solid can store energy over weeks and months very efficiently. the researchers believe a thermal battery could be used and we used for about 30 years. in principle, various salts could be used for the mixture, depending on cost and local availability. all those factors play a role in optimizing the solar solved recipe. it's cost effectiveness and its properties, but there's another problem. salts are very corrosive. whichever

thing at the thought or you event though, there's still plenty of room to advance this technology in terms of the storage materials and click on the materials used for containers like as tanks. fine pipes that empty hops, they all bring their own challenges in which we have to investigate. it totally must be things like corrosion and help them with that. here we also don't have during the compression you and the convention process, you consume that the mother in the molten salt bridge. the gap at night corps on cloudy days and the sunlight in the attic come a desert is sons usually intends to take them together. settled the cook, generate round the clock emission free green electricity, and that in turn could make it economically viable to produce green hydrogen at scale, which the e. u was banking on. as the energy of the future, we want to import 10000000 tons of a renew with hydrogen in 2030, which is a lot at the moment. this is not available at the world market. green energy could

help transform regions that have little economic cloud into a kind of gold mine, and even shift global power relations. this unassuming container could help make chile a global leader in green energy. it might be small, but it's the world's 1st mobo green hydrogen plant. it's being tested in various locations in the desert to identify the best places for green hydrogen factories. to see about an hour job is mainly to generate a map that will allow us to identify areas meet with green hydrogen generation could be generated especially efficiently. or sometimes we want to mark physical ones where electricity could be generated from hydrogen friction. please don't like industrial electric, splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen takes a lot of energy and of local air and water conditions make a difference. the factors like the metric pressure, temperature, and climate conditions affect the efficiency of the process of young either

consumer. today, most of chillies electricity still comes from coal fired power plants. the country wants to make the shift away from coal. in i'm gone most north of until for gas. the plans are under way to convert the 1st power plant to a molten salt facility. the planning phase has already been completed, if the swimming pool, but if this is an example for coal fired power plants, the worldwide will get anything you know, defense. and the, during the conversion with men will reuse a lot of it meant, like this control really like the turbine, it's in the generator road. that's the big advantage of our project. in that loving dec i might get and they give you an example. you do in the future, these turbines will operate using liquid solved, solar energy will heat the molten salt during the day. the project manager believes that conversion could spark a global green energy revolution. a base work site has a very big publish, etc, etc. because that,

and potentially every set of electric power plant can be transformed into m o, 's and so plants, molten salt, energy storage solutions could also be useful in europe. for example, to smooth down fluctuations in the availability of wind and solar energy. the 1st projects are in the works, but one challenge remains. the power grid will 1st have to be adapted to renewable energy. we the said d as in seen a alone instead of 10 to 20 percent of renewable energy use. last, as he said, we had to throttle the energy input that's due to lack of the capacity in the transmission grid. and the way in which we mean the great, i mean, and also do talk under an investment instead of somebody soon. conditions in july aren't entirely applicable to the rest of the world, but the re think that's happening here can help spark new scientific insights, technical solutions and investment opportunities and facts. mike will send

a signal to the rest of the world. we state and she lane and easter island also called robin noise, which lies 3500 kilometers from the mainland. the island is famous for its giant, ancient human figures, carved into stone at 1st glance. revenue, it is a paradise at the waters off the coast have a huge problem with the plastic waste. a curious more it your peers up or the camera. its vision is poor, otherwise it would have been able to see what's headed its way. even 20 meters down the waters near easter island or caused by the we as the islanders call. it are beautifully clear at 1st glance because they're actually full of micro plastics. marine biologist come up here and we'll go pick them. you are studying the impact of plastic waste on marine ecosystems as an implant of what gets

a problem because all the animals eat it rather than yep, that's bad for them. and later when we the fish, we also with the plastic so close to the plastic while i didn't know what i mean. they're focusing on a specific seat or space these. this population has been declining dramatically. the reasons are still unclear, but what is apparent is that more and more micro plastics are accumulating and then we found that christian, it was higher and there aren't that many anymore. we'll take it to the lab to study it at the beach, in the shadows of the famous why statute, due to burns and a team of volunteers are getting to work in a spot where towards strongly bask in the sun. there marking out an area where the clear, the plastic that washes on shore here every day. there's huge amounts of it, and it's a problem all the way up and down the food chain. some pieces have visible bite

marks on them. what is a look at these marks made by certainty say that the board on, as the shock coils colonize the plastics in the ocean, and that attracts the 1st fish you this with on the sun. as soon as small fish are on the plastic to big fish like sharks come to eat them, and they end up eating the plastic to cool. man. bless the micro plastics or plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 millimeters. and up everywhere they float to the top of the bucket where they're fished out. and just over half an hour they've collected 8 kilos. the plastic arrives here from all over the world carried by ocean current. so gathers into 5 enormous board texas, a plastic called gyre. one tire is in the south pacific and easter island has the misfortune of being situated near the edge of it. have a new ways recycling center can't handle all. the plastic waste manager, alexander, to key shows us an area outside, piled high with trash, fish from the ocean. mike,

you live here beside me that being even more than anger and sadness, i almost said i feel pity, simon, that we mortal beings on this planet aren't able to come together and recognize what a problem this is, vicky this is really my they those industrial nations especially need to clean up their act, the mayor of couple and we tells us being so he's done what's wrong to call a country develop. if it produces garbage, they use a country is only really developed when it thinks about what it's leaving behind for its children. it gives me of almost all the got them on what sort of equals the c arch and fished out of the ocean is now in the laboratory. it's contaminated to what do you see at black plastic? the plastic fibers don't break down. instead they accumulate inside fish and other sea creatures affecting the entire marine food chain to that. but i'm going to

enjoy, like we found plastics and other marine animals to including in the intestines of fish on the plastic or but christians are a species that help keep the clips and coils clean the fun even. there are no eating plastic. it's an alarming development. the marine biologists are worried are the most likely that we have to change our consumption habit, recycle and dispose of plastics properly and keep it out of the ocean. sea gloves can also be the 1st is weeping. we have to stop put on the brakes that can't go on like this, and that is the plastic the so you'd see the marine biologist on easter island. want to raise awareness around the world. the plastics washing shore here on the pipeline. we are everyone's problem. there's hardly anywhere in the world that's free of plastic nowadays. even at remote rio shingles, a tributary of the amazon river study has shown that 80 percent of freshwater fish

have micro plastics in their stomach. whether that's also true for the parents that live in the rain forest here is on a known box, or if your to hear us had a different question, why are parents able to talk birdie say this, guys this class tow? see a good me why compared speaking an atomic which became the answer is fairly simple. birds have a special voice box which lets them producer, found it's called the syringe and it's located deeper in the airway than the lowering susan humans sitting though in the airway with a tricky a branch towards the lungs. the ceilings is lined with a lastic membrane whose tension and position can be controlled super new sound. the

parents which have unusually large and muscular tongues, can modulator vocalizations to create an enormous range of sounds. anatomy is one aspect, but parents are also sever. are among the most intelligent animal species i can put on quite a show and parents can also learn to imitate voices and sounds. in the wild pirates often live in large groups, having a characteristic localization makes it easier to locate their off spring or make power. it's also imitate a variety of sounds and the pitch of their mates and birds and their flock. the parents can also learn how to imitate many other sounds and sequences of sounds, which is how they learn foreign languages like human speech.

the can you verbs so you can, you shoot me, can you shoot me, can you call the parents can their new words throughout their life, but that doesn't mean the oldest parents have the largest repertoire. african grey parents are the most talkative of all, which is part of what makes them so popular. very good. let us read, why do you have a science question then send it to us as a video, text or voice message? if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprises to thank you. so come on, just ask that wraps it up this time on dw science show. thanks for joining us and hope to see you again

soon on tomorrow today. goodbye and show the

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The Science Magazine Using lunar dust to build a base on the moon

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